Completion-type items require the correct completion of a concept or idea. The most important organelle or component of a cell for oxidative processes is the

A. nucleus.

B. nucleolus.

C. mitochondrion.

D. Golgi complex.

E. endoplasmic reticulum.

QUESTION

Question-type items communicate a problem or set of circumstances. Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of uric acid from purines?

A. Urease

B. Uricase

C. Xanthine oxidase

D. Aspartate transcarbamoylase

E. Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase

NEGATIVE

A negative item is characterized by a word such as EXCEPT or NOT in the stem. These key words are capitalized to help candidates to determine the incorrect answer. Jaundice is characteristic of each of the following conditions EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Aplastic anemia

B. Liver cell damage

C. Excessive hemolysis

D. Bile duct obstruction

E. Carcinoma of the head of the pancreas

CAUSE-AND-EFFECT

The only portion of a cause-and-effect examination item that varies is the stem. The stem consists of a statement and a reason. These are written as a single sentence and are connected by because. In determining the caries rate for older adults, an epidemiologist usually uses the DMFT index because it can be difficult to ascertain why teeth are missing.

A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.

B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but not related.

C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not.

D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.

E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

CLINICAL CONTENT

臨床題型

COMPLETION

Completion-type items require the correct completion of a concept or idea. The area of the tooth that is the most sensitive to cavity preparation is the

A. dentin.

B. enamel.

C. cementum.

D. cementoenamel junction.

E. dentinoenamel junction.

QUESTION

Question-type items communicate a problem or set of circumstances. Which of the following has the potential for undergoing spontaneous malignant transformation?

A. Osteomalacia

B. Albright’s syndrome

C. Paget’s disease of bone

D. Osteogenesis imperfecta

E. Von Recklinghausen disease of bone

NEGATIVE

A negative item is characterized by a word such as EXCEPT or NOT in the stem. These key words are capitalized to help candidates determine the correct answer. Each of the following drugs is appropriate for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Phenytoin

B. Lidocaine

C. Quinidine

D. Propranolol

E. Epinephrine

PAIRED TRUE-FALSE

The only portion of a paired true-false examination item that varies is the stem. The stem consists of two sentences on the same topic. In health, bone is constantly undergoing resorption and formation. In periodontitis, only bone resorption occurs.

A. Both statements are true.

B. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is true, the second is false.

D. The first statement is false, the second is true.

CAUSE-AND-EFFECT

The only portion of a cause-and-effect test item that varies is the stem. The stem consists of a statement and a reason. These are written as a single sentence and are connected by because. A traumatic injury can cause the pulp space to calcify, because the accident can trigger odontoclasts into accelerated activity.

A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.

B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related.

C. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.

D. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.

E. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

CASE-BASED TESTLET

病人個案題組

病患個案資料（Patient Case）

1. This patient needs an immediate referral to his physician for

A. weight control.

B. smoking cessation.

C. stress management.

D. uncontrolled hypertension.

E. nutritional counseling.

2. The patient initially resists accepting the need for referral to his physician and requests that the dentist proceed to address his chief complaint. The ethical principle in conflict for the dentist is

A. nonmaleficence and autonomy.

B. justice and veracity.

C. beneficence and veracity.

D. autonomy and justice.

E. nonmaleficence and beneficence.

3. Which would be the most likely consequence of the patient’s delay in having the lost restoration replaced?

A. Supra-eruption of tooth 14

B. Loss of vertical dimension

C. Loss of canine disclusion

D. Mesial drift of tooth 18

4. The patient calls the day following the endodontic procedure complaining of pain at the local anesthesia injection site and inability to open fully. The most likely cause is

A. spasm of the temporalis muscle.

B. trauma to the inferior alveolar nerve.

C. injection into the medial pterygoid muscle.

D. damage to the facial nerve during the injection.

MATCHING · ORDERING · MULTIPLE RESPONSE

其他題型

Matching

ORDERING

The ordering format requires ranking or sequencing the steps, processes, or procedures presented in the test item. Order the act of chewing and swallowing. Match each letter with its proper sequence number.

A. Bolus moves from fauces to esophagus

B. Bolus contacts incisors

C. Bolus moves from mouth to fauces

D. Mouth, lips, tongue estimate size of bolus

E. Bolus moves from esophagus to stomach

F. Orofacial receptors stimulated to control mastication

MULTIPLE CORRECT / MULTIPLE RESPONSE

The multiple response format is appropriate for determining what characteristics are associated with a particular disease, drug, treatment plan, etc. (i.e. symptoms of a disease, side effects of a drug, steps of a treatment plan). From the following list select the three items associated with candidiasis.

A. Small blisters

B. Fungal in nature

C. Dyspareunia

D. Tinea pedis

E. Bacterial in nature

F. Parasitic in nature

G. Bruxism

資料來源（更新日期：2026 年 10 月）